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When Sergeant Soichi Yokoi of the Japanese
Imperial Army was captured after 28 years as a fugitive in
the jungles of Guam, he was wearing clothes that he had made
himself from fibers he had peeled from the bark of a Pago
tree. Such was the astonishing level of his self-sufficiency
that he was met with total disbelief until he explained to
his captors how he was able to survive for over a quarter of
a century by living off the natural resources of the land.
One does not have to be on Guam long to appreciate the
density of tropical
growth in the
jungle. You push it back to get more acreage for farming and
it bounces right back to reclaim what you have
taken.
During the enemy occupation in World War II, many of our young
men and boys who got into trouble or refused to submit to
harsh authority took refuge in the jungle and did not emerge until after the
island was liberated. But they knew the jungle; had clothing
and equipment with them; spoke the native language; and, as
we now know, they were in periodic contact with their
families.
At about the same time, an American sailor,
Petty Officer George
Ray Tweed was also
in hiding in the bushes. Although enemy patrols were
constantly searching for him, he was able to survive by
being fed, clothed, and relocated by Chamorro patriots out
of loyalty to the United States.
Following the recapture of Guam, all enemy
soldiers in hiding either surrendered or were captured after a few months;
or, so it was assumed. The odds against a fugitive -- who
did not speak the language, had no friends, possessed no
equipment, and who had to search for food -- surviving in
such an environment was essentially zero. But survived he
did until he was chased down and captured by Manuel De
Gracia and Jesus Duenas of Talofofo while the fugitive was
foraging for food.
Sergeant
Soichi Yokoi was
intensely loyal to his emperor and believed fervently that
to surrender would bring dishonor to himself and disservice
to his emperor. He was willing to undergo incredible
hardship and
loneliness rather than give up.
To eke out an existence, Sergeant Yokoi did
remarkable things in the jungle. This is a depiction of the
cave he built for himself seven feet
underground. To minimize smoke billowing from his cave, he
devised a filter made of coconut husks that served
that purpose as well as cut down the telling odor of
cooking.
A principal part of his diet was fadang, a local plant whose nuts are used
to make a kind of tortilla. Fadang, however, is well known for
its high toxicity when it is not prepared properly prior to
cooking, a process that is lengthy and laborious.
Remarkably, Sergeant Yokoi not only discovered that fadang
was edible but, astonishingly, devised a way to prepare the
nuts properly before cooking.
Somehow, Sergeant Yokoi also found out that the
bark of the Pago tree is made of very
strong fibers. For centuries,the Chamorros used the bark of
this tree to make rope. Sergeant Yokoi went much further.
From thin fibers he made a fabric and from that
fabric he made clothing material with which to make his
Japanese
Army uniform.
Sergeant Yokoi not only survived but he taught us a big
lesson in courage, loyalty, and human endurance. Friends and
foes alike welcomed this man back to society and, as a
soldier of the sea, I saluted him when I finally had a
chance to meet him years later when he returned to Guam for
a sentimental visit.
In September 1997, at age 82, Sergeant Yokoi
finally succumbed to heart failure - twenty five years after
he emerged from the jungles of Guam.
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